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Effects of reducing agent and approaching anodes on chromium removal in electrokinetic soil remediation

Xiaona WEI,Shuhai GUO,Bo WU,Fengmei LI,Gang LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 253-261 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0791-0

摘要： A soil remediation method combining in situ reduction of Cr(VI) with approaching anodes electrokinetic (AAs-EK) remediation is proposed. EK experiments were conducted to compare the effect of approaching anodes (AAs) and fixed electrodes (FEs) with and without sodium bisulfite (NaHSO ) as a reducing agent. When NaHSO was added to the soil before EK treatment, 90.3% of the Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III). EK experiments showed that the adverse effect of contrasting migration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species, which limits the practical application of this technique, was eliminated in the presence of the reducing agent. Furthermore, Tessier fractionation analysis indicated that the reducing agent changed the distribution of the chemical forms of Cr. The AAs-EK method was shown to acidize the soil as the anode moved toward the cathode and this acid front pushed the “focusing” region toward the cathode. After remediation, the pH of the soil was between 1.8 and 5.0 in AAs-EK experiments. The total Cr removal efficiency was 64.4% (except in the “focusing” region) when the reduction reaction was combined with AAs-EK method. We conclude that AAs-EK remediation in the presence of NaHSO is an appropriate method for Cr-contaminated soil.

关键词： chromium     reduction reaction     contrasting migration     approaching anode     electrokinetic    

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

摘要： Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti4O7 supported IrOx is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrOx/Ti4O7 has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrOx (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrOx particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti4O7 and IrOx/Ti4O7 particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti4O7 support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrOx/Ti4O7 with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     fuel starvation     cell reverse     reversal tolerance anode     oxygen evolution reaction    

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Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil using approaching anodes

Shucai LI, Tingting LI, Gang LI, Fengmei LI, Shuhai GUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 869-874 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0437-4

摘要： As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in eletrokinetic (EK) remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists as both cationic and anionic species in the soil, it is not an efficient method. This paper reports upon a study in which a process using approaching anodes (AAs) was used to enhance the removal efficiency of chromium by eletrokinetics. Two bench-scale experiments to remove chromium from contaminated soil were performed, one using a fixed anode (FA) and the other using AAs. In the AAs experiment, the anode moved toward the cathode by 7 cm every three days. After remediation, soil pH, total chromium, and fractionation of chromium in the soil were determined. The average removal efficiency of total chromium was 11.32% and 18.96% in the FA and AAs experiments, respectively. After remediation, acidic soil conditions throughout the soil were generated through the use of AAs, while 80% of the soil remained neutral or alkalic when using the FA approach. The acidic soil environment and high field intensity in the AAs experiment might have favored chromium desorption, dissolution and dissociation from the soil, plus the mobility of chromium in the soil was also enhanced. The results demonstrate that AAs used in the process of EK remediation can enhance the efficiency of chromium removal from soil.

关键词： approaching anodes     chromium-contaminated soil     electrokinetics     chromium fractionation    

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Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 569-584 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0875-7

摘要： Lithium (Li) metal is believed to be the “Holy Grail” among all anode materials for next-generation Li-based batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and lowest redox potential (−3.04 V). Disappointingly, uncontrolled dendrite formation and “hostless” deposition impede its further development. It is well accepted that the construction of three-dimensional (3D) composite Li metal anode could tackle the above problems to some extent by reducing local current density and maintaining electrode volume during cycling. However, most strategies to build 3D composite Li metal anode require either electrodeposition or melt-infusion process. In spite of their effectiveness, these procedures bring multiple complex processing steps, high temperature, and harsh experimental conditions which cannot meet the actual production demand in consideration of cost and safety. Under this condition, a novel method to construct 3D composite anode via simple mechanical modification has been recently proposed which does not involve harsh conditions, fussy procedures, or fancy equipment. In this mini review, a systematic and in-depth investigation of this mechanical deformation technique to build 3D composite Li metal anode is provided. First, by summarizing a number of recent studies, different mechanical modification approaches are classified clearly according to their specific procedures. Then, the effect of each individual mechanical modification approach and its working mechanisms is reviewed. Afterwards, the merits and limits of different approaches are compared. Finally, a general summary and perspective on construction strategies for next-generation 3D composite Li anode are presented.

关键词： lithium (Li)-ion battery (LIB)     Li metal battery     three-dimensional (3D) composite Li metal anode     mechanical modification     reducing local current density    

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Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen by III-nitrides nanowires

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0870-z

摘要： Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen by III-nitrides nanowires

关键词： threshold solar water     splitting hydrogen III    

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Algal biomass derived biochar anode for efficient extracellular electron uptake from

Yan-Shan Wang, Dao-Bo Li, Feng Zhang, Zhong-Hua Tong, Han-Qing Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1072-5

摘要：

Algal biochar anode produced higher biocurrent compared with graphite plate anode.

Algal biochar exhibited stronger electrochemical response to redox mediators.

Algal biochar showed excellent adsorption to redox mediators.

关键词： Algal biochar     Anode material     Electrochemical activity     Extracellular electron transport     Waste resource utilization    

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Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2376-y

摘要： Biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium-ion batteries emerge as one of the most promising anodes from sustainable perspective. However, improving the reversible capacity and cycling performance remains a long-standing challenge. By combining the benefits of K2CO3 activation and KMnO4 hydrothermal treatment, this work proposes a two-step activation method to load MnO2 charge transfer onto biomass-derived carbon (KAC@MnO2). Comprehensive analysis reveals that KAC@MnO2 has a micro-mesoporous coexistence structure and uniform surface distribution of MnO2, thus providing an improved electrochemical performance. Specifically, KAC@MnO2 exhibits an initial charge-discharge capacity of 847.3/1813.2 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 A·g–1, which is significantly higher than that of direct pyrolysis carbon and K2CO3 activated carbon, respectively. Furthermore, the KAC@MnO2 maintains a reversible capacity of 652.6 mAh·g–1 after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1.0 A·g–1, KAC@MnO2 still exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a stable reversible capacity of 306.7 mAh·g–1 after 500 cycles. Compared with reported biochar anode materials, the KAC@MnO2 prepared in this work shows superior reversible capacity and cycling performance. Additionally, the Li+ insertion and de-insertion mechanisms are verified by ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis during the charge-discharge process, helping us better understand the energy storage mechanism of KAC@MnO2.

关键词： biomass-derived carbon     MnO2     lithium-ion batteries     anode material     high reversible capacity    

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中国铝工业应用新型电极材料的研究与展望

邱竹贤

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第5期   页码 50-54

摘要：

介绍了现代铝工业上新近开发研制的几种电极材料，涉及惰性阴极、惰性阳极、双极性电极等；还研制了低温电解质，使电解温度降低到800～900℃。如果惰性电极与低温电解质配合起来应用，则能够明显减少工业铝生产中的物料消耗，节省电能，增大电解槽生产能力，并改善环境状况，可望大幅度降低生产成本。

关键词： 惰性阳极     惰性阴极     SiC绝缘侧壁     低温铝电解    

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21世纪伊始铝电解工业的新进展

邱竹贤

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第4期   页码 41-46

摘要：

21世纪伊始，法国500kA特大型预焙阳极电解槽，以及中国320 kA大型电解槽的出现，标志着铝电解工业的重要新进展。文章从理论上分析了大型电解槽的优越性，论述了减少电解槽的热损失系数，即减少按单位电量核算的热损失量，便是大型槽能够节省电能的理论基础；应用低温铝电解和惰性电极是铝电解工业今后的发展方向。

关键词： 铝电解工业     大型电解槽     低温铝电解     惰性阳极和惰性阴极    

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铝电解用Fe-Ni-Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷惰性阳极

邱竹贤,石忠宁,徐君莉

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第8期   页码 35-39

摘要：

研制了一种新型铝电解金属陶瓷惰性阳极，阳极基体由Fe-Ni-CoAl2O3构成。在石墨坩埚中，960℃温度下，电解质中的氧化铝质量分数为6.0%，摩尔比为2.6；阳极电流密度为1.0 A/cm2，阳极尺寸大小为120 mm×80 mm×15 mm，石墨阴极尺寸大小为120 mm×40 mm×20 mm，通入的直流电为100～300 A，电解时间各为10 h；实验所得的电解铝产品纯度达到98%以上，杂质主要为Fe，Ni，Co；电解后的阳极外观尺寸无明显变化，阳极气体中氧气质量分数达到98%～99%。阳极的反电动势为2.45 V，比理论分解电压仅高出0.25 V证明该阳极为惰性阳极，在电解槽中进行的是Al2O3的分解反应。

关键词： 铝电解     惰性阳极     反电动势    

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controlled synthesis of hierarchically structured mesoporous Li4Ti5O12/C/rGO composites as high-performance anode

Cehuang FU, Shuiyun SHEN, Ruofei WU, Xiaohui YAN, Guofeng XIA, Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 607-612 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0798-0

摘要： In this paper, a facile strategy is proposed to controllably synthesize mesoporous Li4Ti5O12/C nanocomposite embedded in graphene matrix as lithium-ion battery anode via the co-assembly of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) precursor, GO, and phenolic resin. The obtained composites, which consists of a LTO core, a phenolic-resin-based carbon shell, and a porous frame constructed by rGO, can be denoted as LTO/C/rGO and presents a hierarchical structure. Owing to the advantages of the hierarchical structure, including a high surface area and a high electric conductivity, the mesoporous LTO/C/rGO composite exhibits a greatly improved rate capability as the anode material in contrast to the conventional LTO electrode.

关键词： Li4Ti5O12     phenolic-resin-based carbon     mesoporous composite     graphene    

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铜阳极泥预处理连续加压酸浸工艺开发研究

王吉坤,冯桂林

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第5期   页码 18-22

摘要：

绍了新开发出来的一种具有较好工业应用前景的铜阳极泥预处理新工艺，小型及半工业试验结果表明，铜阳极泥直接加压酸浸，可以充分利用生阳极泥中水溶性铜离子的催化氧化作用，提高反应速度；在连续浸出过程中Ag，Se，Te走向与间断浸出过程差别明显，使浸出效果优于间断加压浸出预处理工艺，有利于提高有价元素的综合回收。

关键词： 铜阳极泥     综合利用     加压酸浸     连续浸出    

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Preparing graphene from anode graphite of spent lithium-ion batteries

Wenxuan Zhang, Zhanpeng Liu, Jing Xia, Feng Li, Wenzhi He, Guangming Li, Juwen Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0993-8

摘要： With extensive use of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), amounts of LIBs were discarded, giving rise to growth of resources demand and environmental risk. In view of wide usage of natural graphite and the high content (12%–21%) of anode graphite in spent LIBs, recycling anode graphite from spent LIBs cannot only alleviate the shortage of natural graphite, but also promote the sustainable development of related industries. After calcined at 600°Cfor 1 h to remove organic substances, anode graphite was used to prepare graphene by oxidation-reduction method. Effect of pH and N2H4·H2O amount on reduction of graphite oxide were probed. Structure of graphite, graphite oxide and graphene were characterized by XRD, Raman and FTIR. Graphite oxide could be completely reduced to graphene at pH 11 and 0.25 mL N2H4·H2O. Due to the presence of some oxygen-containing groups and structure defects in anode graphite, concentrated H2SO4 and KMnO4 consumptions were 40% and around 28.6% less than graphene preparation from natural graphite, respectively.

关键词： Spent LIBs     Graphite     Graphite oxide     Grapheme    

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Role of oxygen vacancy inducer for graphene in graphene-containing anodes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 326-333 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2213-8

摘要： Currently, graphene is only considered as a conductive additive and expansion inhibitor in oxides/graphene composite anodes. In this study, a new graphene role (oxygen vacancy inducer) in graphene/oxides composites anodes, which are treated at high-temperature, is proposed and verified using experiments and density functional theory calculations. During high-temperature processing, graphene forms carbon vacancies due to increased thermal vibration, and the carbon vacancies capture oxygen atoms, facilitating the formation of oxygen vacancies in oxides. Moreover, the induced oxygen vacancy concentrations can be regulated by sintering temperatures, and the behavior is unaffected by oxide crystal structures (crystalline and amorphous) and morphology (size and shape). According to density functional theory calculations and electrochemical measurements, the oxygen vacancies enhance the lithium-ion storage performance. The findings can result in a better understanding of graphene’s roles in graphene/oxide composite anodes, and provide a new method for designing high-performance oxide anodes.

关键词： oxide     oxygen vacancy     graphene     anode     density functional theory calculation    

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Approach for natural gas to be a primary energy source in China

Weihe HUANG, Jindian CHEN, Chuan FU, Yan HUANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 467-476 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0068-6

摘要： This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development. In the long-term adjustment of energy structure, natural gas has gradually become the primary energy source because of five factors: policy, resources, technology, facilities, and market. To expedite the revolution of energy production and consumption, China must urgently expand the use of natural gas toward a more positive role in complementing coal and renewable energy and prioritize its usage in three areas, namely, urban gas, power generation, and industrial fuel. Natural gas is expected to account for approximately 15% of China’s total energy consumption in the future. For natural gas to be the primary energy, the exploitation of gas resources must be expanded, resource access must be improved, a flexible trade system must be set up, infrastructure investment must be increased, and the security system must be enhanced.

关键词： natural gas     energy revolution     primary energy     utilization areas     approaching means    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effects of reducing agent and approaching anodes on chromium removal in electrokinetic soil remediation

Xiaona WEI,Shuhai GUO,Bo WU,Fengmei LI,Gang LI

期刊论文

TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

期刊论文

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil using approaching anodes

Shucai LI, Tingting LI, Gang LI, Fengmei LI, Shuhai GUO

期刊论文

Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

期刊论文

Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen by III-nitrides nanowires

期刊论文

Algal biomass derived biochar anode for efficient extracellular electron uptake from

Yan-Shan Wang, Dao-Bo Li, Feng Zhang, Zhong-Hua Tong, Han-Qing Yu

期刊论文

Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its

期刊论文

中国铝工业应用新型电极材料的研究与展望

邱竹贤

期刊论文

21世纪伊始铝电解工业的新进展

邱竹贤

期刊论文

铝电解用Fe-Ni-Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷惰性阳极

邱竹贤,石忠宁,徐君莉

期刊论文

controlled synthesis of hierarchically structured mesoporous Li4Ti5O12/C/rGO composites as high-performance anode

Cehuang FU, Shuiyun SHEN, Ruofei WU, Xiaohui YAN, Guofeng XIA, Junliang ZHANG

期刊论文

铜阳极泥预处理连续加压酸浸工艺开发研究

王吉坤,冯桂林

期刊论文

Preparing graphene from anode graphite of spent lithium-ion batteries

Wenxuan Zhang, Zhanpeng Liu, Jing Xia, Feng Li, Wenzhi He, Guangming Li, Juwen Huang

期刊论文

Role of oxygen vacancy inducer for graphene in graphene-containing anodes

期刊论文

Approach for natural gas to be a primary energy source in China

Weihe HUANG, Jindian CHEN, Chuan FU, Yan HUANG

期刊论文